Modificações microestruturais e tribológicas nos açosferramenta AISI H13 e DIN X100CrMoV 8-1-1 produzidas por nitretação a plasma

The tool-steels AISI H13 and DIN X100CrMoV 8-1-1, which are used for different applications, were plasma nitrided in a low concentration nitrogen atmosphere at 500°C in order to increase the wear resistance. Then, metallurgical properties of these steels before and after nitriding were evaluated, and wear tests were also performed. The results demonstrated that plasma nitriding successfully increased the wear resistance on both steels. This study also demonstrated how the modified properties contributed in this way. Key words: plasma nitriding, wear, H13, DIN X100CrMoV 8-1-1.Os acos-ferramenta AISI H13 e DIN X100CrMoV 8-1- 1, de características e aplicações distintas, foram nitretados a plasma em atmosfera de baixa concentração de nitrogênio a 500°C com o objetivo de incrementar a resistência ao desgaste. Em seguida, foi feita uma avaliação de propriedades metalúrgicas nos aços antes e após a nitretacão, e também foram feitos ensaios de desgaste. Os resultados demonstraram que a nitretacão a plasma foi eficiente em aumentar a resistência ao desgaste dos dois aços. O estudo também demonstrou como as propriedades modificadas contribuíram neste sentido. Palavras-chave: nitretacão a plasma, desgaste, H13, DIN X100CrMoV 8-1-1

Securing future decentralised industrial IoT infrastructures: challenges and free open source solutions

peer-reviewedThe next industrial revolution is said to be paved by the use of novel Internet of Things (IoT) technology. One important aspect of the modern IoT infrastructures is decentralised communication, often called Peer-to-Peer (P2P). In the context of industrial communication, P2P contributes to resilience and improved stability for industrial components. Current industrial facilities, however, still rely on centralised networking schemes which are considered to be mandatory to comply with security standards. In order to succeed, introduced industrial P2P technology must maintain the current level of protection and also consider possible new threats. The presented work starts with a short analysis of well-established industrial communication infrastructures and how these could benefit from decentralised structures. Subsequently, previously undefined Information Technology (IT) security requirements are derived from the new cloud based decentralised industrial automation model architecture presented in this paper. To meet those requirements, state-of-the-art communication schemes and their open source implementations are presented and assessed for their usability in the context of industrial IoT. Finally, derived building blocks for industrial IoT P2P security are presented which are qualified to comply with the stated industrial IoT security requirements

Safety of extended uses of UV-treated baker's yeast as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

In 2014, the EFSA NDA Panel concluded that UV-treated baker's yeast containing up to 3.5 Mio IU of vitamin D/100 g, is safe under the proposed conditions of use for yeast-leavened breads, rolls and fine bakery wares, and food supplements. Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on an application for an extension of the use of UV-treated baker's yeast as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. In this extension of use, the applicant proposed a broad range of food categories to which the NF can be added. On the basis of the proposed uses and maximum use levels, the Panel estimated the potential exposure to vitamin D from the NF and the potential combined exposure to vitamin D including also exposure from the background diet and food supplements. The Panel notes that the upper level (UL) for one age group, i.e. children aged 4-10 years, is exceeded by 4%, when summing up the highest P95 estimate for the background diet (including food supplements) and the highest P95 estimate for vitamin D from the NF under the proposed uses and maximum use levels. The Panel notes, however, the highly conservative approach for estimating the potential intake of vitamin D from the NF, given that the applicant has proposed 34 FoodEx2 level 2 food categories. Thus, the Panel considers that the UL for children aged between 4 and 10 years is highly unlikely to be exceeded. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use

Safety of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) powders, as novel foods, pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) powders as novel foods (NFs) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NFs are partially defatted chia seed powders, obtained by extrusion of whole seeds of S. hispanica L. with the main differences between two powders in particle sizes and the content of some macronutrients. The information provided on the production processes, composition, batch-to-batch variability, stability and specifications of the NFs is sufficient and does not raise safety concerns. The applicant proposed to market the NFs as food supplements and as ingredients in a variety of foods. The target population for the NFs is the general population. Noting that no hazard raising safety concerns (except for allergenicity) could be identified from the information available on the source (i.e. chia seeds), the production processes, composition, specifications and proposed uses of the NFs, irrespectively of the maximum use levels at the proposed uses, the Panel considers that intake estimates and additional toxicological data for the NFs are not needed for this assessment. The Panel concludes that the NFs, partially defatted powders of whole chia seeds, are safe under the assessed conditions of use. (C) 2019 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.Peer reviewe

Calcium l‐methylfolate as a source of folate added for nutritional purposes to infant and follow‐on formula, baby food and processed cereal‐based food

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the extension of use of calcium l-methylfolate to be used as a source of folate added for nutritional purposes to infant and follow-on formula, baby food and processed cereal-based food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 609/2013. In 2004, EFSA assessed the use of calcium l-methylfolate as a source of folate in foods for particular nutritional uses, food supplements and foods intended for the general population. The new alternative synthetic step proposed to produce the nutrient source, using platinum as a catalyst, did not raise any safety concern and the production process was found to consistently yield a product in line with the proposed specifications. Based on the studies assessed in the previous evaluation, it was concluded that calcium l-methylfolate is non-genotoxic and that subchronic and embryotoxicity/teratogenicity studies in rats did not reveal any adverse effects up to the highest doses tested. The Panel considered that no additional toxicological studies are required on the nutrient source. The intervention study in healthy infants provided by the applicant did not indicate differences in growth and tolerance parameters in infants who consumed either an infant formula supplemented with calcium l-methylfolate or with folic acid, and did not raise concerns regarding safety or tolerability of the infant formula with the proposed nutrient source. The study also provided further supporting evidence for the bioavailability of calcium l-methylfolate. The Panel considers that calcium l-methylfolate is a source from which folate is bioavailable and concludes that calcium l-methylfolate is safe under the proposed uses and use levels for infants and young children

Safety of heat-killed Mycobacterium setense manresensis as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on heat-killed Mycobacterium setense manresensis as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is an encapsulated ingredient composed of 200 mg mannitol andPeer reviewe

Safety of rapeseed powder from Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L. as a Novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

© 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Safety of an extension of use of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2020-00655 Correspondence: [email protected] reviewedPublisher PD

Safety of Cetylated Fatty Acids as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on an application for cetylated fatty acids as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF concerns primarily a mixture of cetylated myristic acid and cetylated oleic acid synthesised from cetyl alcohol, myristic acid and oleic acid, and to a lesser degree, other cetylated fatty acids and other compounds from olive oil. The NF is intended for use in food supplements for the general adult population. The highest dose tested in a subchronic toxicity study in rats, i.e. 4,500 mg/kg per day, was considered to be the no-observed-adverse effect level. By applying the default uncertainty factor of 200 as suggested by the EFSA Scientific Committee (2012), and considering a default body weight of 70 kg for the adult target population, this would result in an intake of 1.6 g per day, which is lower than the maximum intake proposed by the applicant (i.e. 2.1 g per day). The Panel concludes that the NF, cetylated fatty acids, is safe at an intake of 1.6 g per day for the intended target population, i.e. adults